“The digital twin is the virtual representation of a physical object or system across its life-cycle. It uses real-time data and other sources to enable learning, reasoning, and dynamically recalibrating for improved decision making.” [1]

Digital twins are realistic digital representations of physical things [3]
• A dynamic model of an asset, with the input of current performance data from the physical twin via live data flows from sensors; feedback into the physical twin via real-time control.
• A static strategic planning model of a system, with the input of long-term condition data from the physical twin via corporate systems; feedback into the physical twin via the capital investment process. [4]
1 IBM., 2020. Cheat Sheet: What Is Digital Twin? Internet Of Things Blog. [online] Business Operations. Available at: [Accessed 31 December 2020].
2 Deloitte. n.d. Industry 4.0 And The Digital Twin | Deloitte China | Consumer & Industrial Products. [online] Available at: [Accessed 31 December 2020].
3 https://www.cdbb.cam.ac.uk/DFTG/GeminiPrinciples